Apparatus {laboratory equipment} includes glassware and metalware. Apron. Balance. Beaker. Bunsen burner. Cover slip. Crucible. Dissecting needle. Dropper. Dropper bottle. Flask. Forceps. Funnel. Goggles. Graduated cylinder. Lens paper. Petri dish. Pipet or pipette. Razor blade. Ring. Ring stand. Scalpel. Scissors. Slide. Stirring rod. Test tube. Test tube holder. Test tube rack. Thermometer. Thistle tube. Tongs. Watch glass. Wire gauze.
Laboratory heating devices {Bunsen burner}| can provide hot steady smokeless flame. Bunsen burners have short, vertical metal tube, connected to gas source. Tube has perforations at bottom to admit air. Michael Faraday designed Bunsen burner, but the German chemist Robert Wilhelm Bunsen modified it [1855].
Containers {container} can be glass or ceramic. Borosilicate glass, called Pyrex or Kimax, has yellow tinge, melts at high temperature, and resists rapid temperature change. Soft glass has green tinge, and alkali attacks it. Porcelain is inert. Teflon is inert and has high melting point.
Recorders, transducers, alarms, specialized quality-control devices, and test instruments {controller device} can monitor and control chemical processes.
Containers {crucible}| used for heating to high temperature are Gooch, sintered, and porcelain filter.
Machines {dessicator}| {vacuum dessicator} can be for drying.
Paper {filter paper}| can be ashless for burning.
Ovens {furnace, chemistry}| can be for ashing and ignition, up to 1200 C.
Technical grade or commercial grade is lowest grade {grade, chemical} {chemical grade}. U.S.P. is safe for humans. Reagent grade or A.C.S. is high quality. Primary standard is highest quality.
Covered areas {hood}| can conduct fumes to outside building.
Flasks {Kjeldahl flask} can be for digestion and dissolving, with no splattering or bumping.
Furnaces {oven, chemistry} can be for drying.
Bottles {wash bottle} can have spouts for rinsing.
5-Chemistry-Analytical Chemistry
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Date Modified: 2022.0225